Starting mechanism for internal combustion engines



Aug. 15, 1939. w wA|T' JR r AL 2,169,309

STARTING MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Oct. 4, 1928 I 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORN EYS A 1 1939- w. WAIT, JR. Er AL 2,169,309

STARTING MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Oct. 4, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 f/VFPT/A 5274.075? zw/r i Patented Aug. 15, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE STARTING MEGHANISM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Application @ctobcs 4,

39 @lalins.

invention relates to the slanting of engines, as for example, internal combustion engines used in The object of the invention is a novel and immethod and means for controlling and o ating a booster magneto or other electrical on system and engine starter, and particularly a mechanism for effecting the simul-- taneous control and operation of the starting ignition and the starter, while permitting the control and operation of the starting ignition system independently of the powerstarter at the "will of the operator. Aiurther object of the invention is a simple and reliable unitary mechanism which may be readily installed with marked facility as a part of the power plant control, being readily adaptable to and usable with standard power starters and booster igniting systems.

Another object of the invention is the provision of means preventing accidental or unintentional For a better understanding of the above indicated novel features of the invention and others which will hereinafter appear, reference may be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this application, wherein Fig. 1 is a side view of the improved means forming a. part of an aircraft power plant diagrammatically illustrated;

Fig. 1a is a view apparatus;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a part of the mechanism;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of'the mechanism in one position of operation;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged side view of the main parts of the mechanism and Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the applicants inven- 50 tion.

Referring to the'drawings, the invention is shown as forming a part of a. power plant for aircraft including the internal combustion englue I, a power starter 2 and an. auxiliary or booster electrical starting ignition device or sysof a slightly modified form of 1928, Serial No. 330,369

( ill. 12---1"l9) tom 3, all of these parts being diagrammatically illustrated for convenience. In the particular embodiment shown, the device 3 is a booster 111a,,- neto of standard commercial form having an armature or relatively movable part which may be 5 rotated in one direction by a suitable pull cable 4 and in the opposite direction by a spring indicated at 5, the spring 5 being wound up by the pull upon the cable 4. The power starter 2 may be of any standard or commercial form having a 1o starting control lever 5, which in one position throws the starter into operative engagement with the engine l, and initiates the operation thereof. It may be a starter of the known inertia type having an energy fly wheel adapted to be brought 15 up to high speed and a clutch actuated by control lever 6 against tension of a. spring 6 for connecting the same with the motor I, or it may be of any other desirable form of power starter. For example, it may be of the type illustrated in Fig. 4 of Lansing Patent 1,833,948, and in Figs. 1 and 2 of the- British Patent No. 264,784 of Eclipse Machine Company, accepted June 16, 19 A fire wall is indicated by thenumeral 1 separating the operators compartment or cockpit from the engine compartment. The ignition circuits from the booster, the starter clutch and gearing and the usual over running clutch between the starter 2 and engine I are omitted for con-- venience in illustration. 30

The mechanism for controlling and operating the devices 2 and 3 includes an elongated shaft 10 leading to or disposed at a remote control point and attached at its one end to the pull device or cable '4, this rod or shaft l0 being provided at its free end with a suitable handle II. It is reciprocable and rotatable in a bracket l2 which may be supported from any suitable fixed part of the fuselage framework or other part of the airplane structure. The control lever or device 6 for the 40 power starter 2 is actuated against the spring 6' by an elongated rod I5, the latter being connected at one end to the bell crank lever l5 which in turn is operatively connected with the lever 6 through a suitable linkage, and at its other end with the control mechanism l6 which functions cooperativelywith the booster, magneto control shaft III. This mechanism I8 is carried by a fixed bracket IS, the latter comprising a. pair of legs or arms l4 projecting upwardly from the main body 5 I3 of the bracket. This bracket may be supported in any suitable or convenient manner, but as indicated in the drawings, is conveniently formed as. an integral part of a sleeve I! in which the shaft I0 is joumaled, and which also conveniently forms an integral part of the bracket I2 by welding or'otherwise. The bracket I 3 is therefore secured in fixed position simultaneously with the securing of the bracket I2. The mechanism I6 includes a bell crank lever I'l, one branch of the latter being pivotally secured to the adjacent end of the control rod I5 while the other end of this lever forms an actuating lug II which may be engaged to operate the rod IS in one direction and thereby the starter 2. The bell crank lever I1 is journaled by means of the shaft I 1' between and in the free ends of the legs or arms I4 of the bracket I3, the pivotal axis being transverse to the shaft III and-the free end I8 of the bell crank lever moving in the arc of a circle in the plane of the shaft I and adjacent thereto as indicated. The shaft I0 is provided with a special collar I9 rigidly fastened thereto and disposed on the lefthand side of the bracket II. This collar is disposed in the path of the actuating lug I8 of the starter control so that when the shaft III is given a reciprocatory movement towards the left this collar I9 engages the member I8 and rocks the bell crank lever Il in a clockwise direction to throw the starter 2 into operative engagement with the engine and to initiate the operation thereof. The arrangement is such that upon drawing the shaft In to the left the lug I8 remains in engagement with the moving collar I9 until the bell crank lever I1 is moved to a position where the line of thrust of the shaft or rod I is below the pivotal axis ll of the bell crank, thereby locking the starter control in the operative position, the part I2 between the bracket arms I4 acting as a stop to prevent further rotation of the bell. crank lever IT as indicated in dotted position in Fig. 4. The connection between the operating members 5 and I1 is provided with longitudinal flexibility in order to permit the operation of the bell crank II past the dead center, while stillmaintaining sufficient force upon the starting control to maintain the operative engagement. In the particular embodiment shown this flexibility is attained by forming the shaft I5 into two telescopic parts 2| and 22 with the spring 23 interposed therebetween. The spring 23 surrounds the inner telescopic part 22 and engages at one end a collar 22 carried by the part 22 and at the other end a sleeve part 23' interposed between it and a collar 2I' carried by the hollow telescoping part 2I. A cylindrical housing 24 is provided for the spring 23, and this sleeve or housing 24 is provided with downwardly turned lugs at its opposite ends for engagement with the collars 2| and 22' respectively, and thereby limiting relative outward displacement of the parts caused by the spring 23. The part 22 is adjustably attached to the lever I! by an intermediate part 28 into which it is screwthreadedly attached, with a locking nut 29 provided thereon, The collar I9 is provided with one or more notches 20, in the particular embodiment shown there being two of these notches at 180 from each other, and at one side of each of these notches the collar I9 is provided with the cam surface I9 to facilitate the'rotation of the shaft I0 to bring the collar is into operative engagement with the lug II. The bell crank lever I1 is provided also with a shoulder or trip 26 which is disposed in the path of the collar I9 when the starter is in operative engagement with the engine I, and accordingly, after the starting of the engine, the starting control mechanism may be actuated back to normal inoperative position by simply actuating the shaft I0 in a forward or right hand direction to its foremost position. This movement results in the en- 'gagement of the shoulder or. trip 26 by the collar I9, and the actuation of the bell crank lever I 1 past the dead center, whereupon the spring mechanism 6 of the starter control actuates the rod I! to the full line or neutral position indicated in Fig. 1.

The operation of the power starter in conjunction with the booster magneto is as follows: With the handle II and shaft ID in the full forward position and the collar I9 turned in a position to operatively engage thelug I8, the operator withdraws the shaft III to the left, thereby causing the bell crank lever Il to pivot in a clockwise direction upon its axis IT, and forcing the rod I5 forward to actuate the starter control 6, the latter being suitably connected with the starting clutch of the starting motor, and accordingly the operation of this lever B in the direction indicated causes operative engagement of the starter.

As above indicated, this operation results in the rod I5 passing the dead center and thereby locking the. starter clutch in the operative position, the spring mechanism of the rod I5 yielding as indicated in full line position Fig. 4 to permit the operation past dead center without interfering with the power starter control. Upon the withdrawal of the shaft II] to the left the booster magneto 3 is operated to simultaneously produce the necessary ignition while at the same time the spring 5 is wound up to operate the magneto in the opposite direction. .The operator then rotates the shaft I0 sufliciently to bring a notch 20 in line with the trip 26 (the flexibility of the cable 4 permitting the rotation), at the same time permitting the spring 5 to return the shaft II) to the right and rotate the magneto in the opposite direction to produce further ignition current. The operator can then reciprocate the shaft I 0 back and forth in that angle or position as many times as may be necessary to effect the starting of the engine. Upon the starting of the engine the operator turns the shaft I0 to a position to cause the collar I9 to engage the trip or shoulder and thereby disengage or disconnect the power starter 2. When this is done as above indicated the starter mechanism (spring 6') returns the rod or shaft I5 and the bell crank I'I back to the normal position.

If it is desired to operate the booster without operating the power starter, as for example, should the power starter be defective or inoperative, or should there be no starter installed, this may be effected by initially turning the shaft It so that a notch 20 is alined with the actuating lug or arm I8 of the bell crank, whereupon the booster magneto 3 may be operated in the usual manner by simply pulling upon the shaft I0 in the one direction, unwinding the cable and simultaneously winding the spring, and then permitting the spring 5 to rewind the cable and draw the shaft III to the right and to simultaneously, of course, operate the magneto.

It is observed that the mechanism is of very simple construction, of few parts, and may be made extremely light in weight. It may be readily installed and used with any standard power plant with or without the power starter of any standard description, and with any standard auxiliary booster ignition system. The mecha nism is also quite compact and occupies a minimum of space, and is therefore particularly adapted to aircraft power plants. If an electric power starter 2 is employed the lever mechanism 6 may be utilized for controlling both the starter clutch and the electric circuit of the starter, and.

- the switch and energize the motor 32. When the collar is is in the neutral position or moved to the left (as shown in Fig. 5) thereof, the switch is open and the motor deenergized. In the latter event the neutral position of collar 9 is slightly to the left of bracket I3, permitting operation of the switch by pushing upon the handle i i prior to rotation for engaging the bell crank IS. The switch mechanism 30 is diagrammatically illustrated for convenience and the electric motor for winding the inertia starter, controlled by this mechanism and the collar is, is indicated diagrammatically at 32.

We claim:

1. Ina starting means for internal combustion engines the combination of a power starter, an

ignitionpower generating system, means for en-" ergizing the starter and common means for simultaneously connecting said energized starter in operative relation with the engine and operating the generating system.

. 2. In a mechanism as set forth in claim 1 wherein the connecting and operating means includes a device for continuing the operation of the generating system after the starter is put in operation.

3. In a mechanism as set forth in claim 1 wherein the connecting and operating means includes a device for continuing the operation of the generating system after the starter is put in operation, and means for throwing the starter out of operation after the starting of the engine.

4. In a starting means for internal combustion engines the combination of a power starter, and an ignition power generatingsystem with means for simultaneously connecting said starter in operative relation with the engine and operating the generating system, the connecting and operating means including a device whereby the generating system may be operated independently of ,the starter.

5. In a starting means for internal combustion engines the combination of a. power starter and an ignition power booster generator with a controlling mechanism therefor including a device for controlling the starter, a separate device for controlling the operation of the booster generator and a common means for simultaneously operating both devices.

6. In a starting means for internal combustion engines the combination of a power starter and an ignition power booster generator with a controlling mechanism therefor including a device for controlling the starter, a device for operating the booster generator and means interlocking the devices together for simultaneous operation, the controlling mechanism including a reciprocable member for operating the generator, 9. reciprocable member for controlling the starter and means operatively connecting the two together to effect simultaneous operation thereof.

7. In a starting means for internal combustion engines the combination of a power starter and an ignition power booster generator with a controlling mechanism therefor including a device for controlling the starter, a device for operating the booster generator and means interlocking said devices together for simultaneous operation, the controlling mechanism including a reciprocable member for operating the generator, a pivoted lever, a reciprocable member carried by said lever for controlling the starter, and a cooperating shoulder carried by said first mentioned member for cooperation with said lever.

8. In a starting means for internal combustion engines the combination of a power starter and an ignition power booster generator with a controlling mechanism therefor including a device for controlling the starter, a device for operating the booster generator and means interlocking said devices together for simultaneous operation, the

controlling mechanism including a reciprocable member for operating the generator, a reciprocable member for controlling the starter, said last named reciprocable member being carried at one end by a bell crank lever having a part swinging closely adjacent the first named reciprocable member, the latter having means thereon for engaging said bell crank lever.

.9. In a starting means for internal combustion -engines the combination of a power starter and an ignition power booster generator with a controlling mechanism therefor including a device for controlling the starter, a device for operating the booster generator and means interlocking said devices together for simultaneous operation, the controlling mechanism including a reciprocable member for operating the generator, 8. reciprocable member for controlling the starter, said last named reciprocable member being carried at one end by a bell crank lever having a part swinging closely adjacent the first named reciprocable/member, the latter having means thereon for engaging said bell crank lever, said bell crank lever including a part which is operatively engaged by the first named reciprocable member for operation in one direction and another part for operation in the other direction.

10. In a starting means for internal combustion engines the combination of a power starter and an ignition power booster generator with a controlling mechanism therefor including a device for controlling the starter, a device for operating the booster generator and means interlocking said devices together for simultaneous operation, the controlling mechanism including a reciprocable member for operating the generator, areciprocable member for controlling the starter, said last named reciprocable member being carried "at one end by a bell crank lever having a part swinging closely adjacent the first named reciprocable member, the latter having means thereon for engaging said bell crank lever, said second named reciprocable member together with its-bell crank lever being operable past dead center and including means permitting it to yield while passing through the dead center.

11. In a starting means for internal combustion last named reciprocable member being carried at one end by a bell crank lever having a part swinging closely adjacent the first named reciprocable member, the latter having means thereon for engaging said bell crank lever, said second named reciprocable member together with its bell crank lever being operable past dead center and including means permitting it to yield while passing through the dead center, and a stop for said bell crank lever to limit the movement after passing through dead center.

12. In a starting means for internal combustion engines the combination of a power starter and an ignition power booster generator with a controlling mechanism therefor including a device for controlling the starter, a device for operating the booster generator and means interlocking said devices together for simultaneous operation, the controlling mechanism including a reciprocable member for operating the generator, a reciprocable member for controlling the starter, said last named reciprocable member being carried at one end by a bell crank lever having a part swinging closely adjacent the first named reciprocable member, the latter having means thereon for engaging said bell crank lever said bell crank lever including a part which is operatively engaged by the first named reciprocable member for operation in one direction and another part for operation in the other direction, said first named reciprocable member being also rotatable to bring the engaging means thereon into and out of operative relation with the bell crank lever.

13. A mechanism for starting internal combustion engines including a reciprocable and rotatable member for operating a booster generator, a reciprocable member for controlling a power starter, and means operatively connecting the two reciprocable members together for eflecting reciprocation of one member upon reciprocation of the other, but permitting the independent operation of the first mentioned recipro'cable member.

14. A mechanism for starting internal combustion engines including a reciprocable and rotatable member for operating a booster generator, 8. reciprocable member for controlling a power starter, and means operatively connecting the two reciprocable members together for effecting simultaneous operation of the two members, but permitting the independent operation of the first mentioned reciprocable member, the operative connections between the two reciprocable members being in the form of a bell crank lever carrying one member, and a segmental collar carried by the other member, the bell crank lever having a part which is engageable by the collar in one position, and another part which is engageable by the collar in another position for effecting the rocking movements of the bell crank lever in opposite directions.

15. A mechanism for starting internal combustion engines including a reciprocable and rotatable member i'or operating a booster generator, a reciprocable member for controlling a power starter, and means operatively connecting the two reciprocable members together for eflecting simultaneous operation of the two members, but permitting the independent operation of the first mentioned reciprocable member, the operative connections between the two reciprocable members being in the form of a bell crank lever carrying one member, and a segmental collar carried by the other memberfithe bell crank lever having a part which is engageable by the collar in one position. and another part which is engageable by the collar in another position for efiecting the rocking movements of the bell crank lever in opposite directions, the member carried by the bell crank lever being yieldable to permit the operation of the bell crank lever past the dead center.

16. A unitary control mechanism for starting internal combustion engines including a rotatable and reciprocable shaft member for supplying booster ignition to the engine, a lug carried by the shaft member, a reciprocable rod member for controlling a power starter, a bell crank lever having one part pivotally secured to the rod and other parts operable to positions in the path of said lug, and said rod being yieldable in the direction of length thereof.

17. In a means for starting an engine including a starting device, the combination of a pivoted lever, a reciprocable member pivotally carried at one end by.the lever and attached at the other end to said starting device, said reciprocable member being yieldable and containing means biasing the same to return to a predetermined normal position and means whereby the lever and reciprocable member may be actuated past dead center against the biasing means.

18. In a starting means for internal combustion engines, the combination of a power starter and an ignition power generating system with means independent of the source of energy for the power starter for connecting said starter in operative relation with the engine and means operatively connected with said first mentioned means for simultaneously operating said generating system.

19. A mechanism for starting internal combustion engines including a reciprocable and rotatable member for operating a booster generator. a reciprocable member for controlling a power starter, and means operatively connecting the two reciprocable members together for effecting reciprocation of one member upon reciprocation of the other.

'20. A mechanism for starting internal combustion engines including a reciprocable and rotatable member for operating a booster generator, a reciprocable member for controlling a power starter, and means operatively connecting the two reciprocable members together for effecting reciprocation of one member upon reciprocation of the other, but permitting independent rotation of the first mentioned reciprocable member.

21. In a starting means for internal combustion engines and the like, the combination of an inertia power starter and auxiliary starting ignition current supply, means-for energizing the inertia starter, means independent of the energized starter for energizing the auxiliary starting ignition supply, means for operatively connecting the starter with the engine, means for controlling the operation of the auxiliary starting ignition and a manually manipulatable device for simultaneously operating both said last mentioned means.

22. In a starting means for internal combustion engines, the combination of a power starter and an ignition power booster generator with a controlling mechanism therefor, including a device for controlling the starter, a separate device for controlling the operation of the booster generator, a common means for interlocking and simultaneously operating both devices and means for rendering the interlocking means inoperative so that the generator may be independently operated.

23; In a starting means for internal combustion engines the combination of a power starter of the inertia type, an electric motor for energizing the same, an ignition power generating system and common means for simultaneously connecting the starter in operative relation with the engine and operating the generating system including means for controlling the electric motor prior to connecting the starter with the engine.

24. In a starting means for internal combustion engines the combination of an inertia starter, a motor tor energizing the same, and a starting ignition generating means, with means connected with the starter, the motor and the generating means for first starting the motor and energizing the inertia starter, without affecting the starting ignition generating means and then connecting the energized starter with the engine and independently of operation of and energy stored in said inertia starting mechanism simultaneously controlling the starting ignition, said means including a shaft member and instrumentalities whereby when the shaft is given one movement the motor is started to energize the starter and when given another and different movement the starter is connected with the engine and simultaneously therewith the starting ignition is applied.

25. In combination with engine starting apparatus oi the type wherein a rotatable inertia member is first actuated in order to store energy therein and subsequently connected to a rotatable member or" the engine to be started, means for rotating said inertia member to store energy therein, means for supplying ignition current to the engine during starting, and common means for energizing said rotating means and current supply means, said common means including a part operable to connect the inertia member to the engine member, whereby the stored energy and the ignition current are concurrently effective to start the engine.

:26. In an engine starter, in combination with a member of the engine to be started, a member movable to engage and crank said engine member, driving means for said engine engaging member including a rotatable inertia member in which energy is stored prior to movement of said engine engaging member to cranking position, means for rotating said inertia member to store energy therein, auxiliary means adapted to be energized from a source of energy for facilitating starting of the engine, and mechanical means for jointly operating said engine engaging member and auxiliary means, said mechanical means including a part controllingthe energization of said rotating means.

27. In an engine starter, in combination with a member of the engine to be started, a member movable to engage and crank said engine member, driving means for said engine engaging member including a rotatable inertia member in which energy is stored prior to movement of said engine tie member is first actuated in order to store energy therein and subsequently connected to a rotatable member or the engine to be started, the combination of a motor for rotating said inertia member to store energy therein, ignition current supply means for supplying ignition current to said engine during starting, said last mentioned means comprising means for supplying ignition current independently of operation of and energy stored in said inertia starting mechanism and common control means associated with the motor and the ignition current supply for first causing said motor to drive the inertia member without rendering the ignition current operative, and then substantially simultaneously connecting the energized starter with the rotatable'member of the engine and rendering the starting ignition operative.

29. The combination with an inertia starting mechanism and clutch for starting an engine by kinetic energy'stored in said mechanism, of auxillary ignition current supply means for supplying ignition current to the engine, the said last mentioned means comprising means for supplying ignition current independently of operation of and energy stored in said inertia starting mechanism, and a single manually operable device and connections for causing said clutch to move to operative engine-starting position and for causing said auxiliary ignition current supply means to supply ignition current to the engine.

30. In a starting means for internal combustion engines the combination of an inertia starter, a motor for energizing the same, and a starting ignition supply means with means connected with the motor and the starter for first starting the motor and energizing the inertia starter without affecting the starting ignition supply means and means connected with the starter and the starting ignition supply means for then connecting the energized starter with the engine and independently of operation of and energy stored in said inertia starting mechanism simultaneously supplying the starting ignition.

31. The combination with an inertia starting 2 mechanism and clutch for starting an engine by kinetic energy stored in said mechanism, of auxiliary ignition current supplying means for supplying starting ignition current to the engine, the said last mentioned means comprising means for supplying starting ignition current independently of operation oi and energy stored in said inertia starting mechanism and a single manually operable device and connection for causing said clutch to move to operative engine starting position andior causing said auxiliary ignition cur rent supply means to supply starting ignition current to the engine.

32. In a starting means for internal combustion engines the combination of a power starter, an auxiliary starting ignition power supply system, means for energizing the starter and common means for simultaneously connecting said energized starter in operative relation with the engine and controlling the auxiliary ignition supply system, said common means including a device and connections for causing the auxiliary ignition supply to supply ignition current independently of operation of said starter or said engine.

33. In a starting means for internal combustion engines the combination of a power starter, an auxiliary starting ignition power supply system, means for energizing the starter and common means for simultaneously connecting said energized starter in operative relation with the engine and controlling the auxiliary ignition sup ply system, said common means including a device and connections for supplying energy to the auxiliary ignition supply independently of operation of or energy stored in said starter or said engine.

34. In an engine starter, in combination with a member of the engine to be started, a clutch member adapted to engage and crank said engine member, means for rotating said clutch member, means for moving said clutch member into driving engagement with said engine member following actuation of said rotating means, ignition current supply means for starting said engine under its own power, and means for jointly operating said clutch moving means and said ignition current supply means.

35. In a starting means for internal combustion engines the combination of a power starter of the inertia type and an auxiliary ignition power supply system and common means for utilizing a single source of energy for simultaneously connecting the starter in operative relation with the engine and operating the auxiliary I ignition system.

36. In a starting means for internal combustion engines the combination of a power starter of the inertia type and an auxiliary ignition power supply system and common means for connecting said power starter with a source of energy to cause energization ofsaid. power starter and for disconnecting said starter from its source of energy and for then utilizing a single source of energy for simultaneously connecting the starter in operativerelation with the engine and operating the auxiliary ignition system.

37. In a starting means for internal combustion engines the combination of an inertia starter, a motor for energizing the same, and a starting ignition supply means with means connected with the motor for first starting the motor and energizing the inertia starter without affecting the starting ignition supply means and means connected with the starter and the starting ignition for causing deenergization of said motor and then connecting the energized starter with the engine and independently of operation of and energy stored in said inertia starting mechanism simultaneously supplying the starting ignition.

38. In combination with engine starting apparatus of the type wherein a rotatable inertia member is first actuated in order to store energy therein and subsequently connected to a rotatable member of the engine to be started, means for rotating said inertia member to store energy therein, means independent of rotation 01 the engine or starter for supplying auxiliary ignition current to the engine during starting, and common means for causing energization of said rotating means and current supply means, said common means including a part operable to connect the inertia member to the engine member, whereby the stored energy and the ignition current are concurrently effective to start the engine.

39. In a starting means for internal combustion engines of the type wherein a rotatable inertia member is first actuated in order to store energy therein and subsequently connected to a rotatable member of the engine to be started, the combination of a motor for rotating said inertia member to store energy therein, ignition current supply means for supplying ignition current to said engine during starting, and common control means associated with the motor and the ignition current supply for first causing said .motor to drive the inertia member without rendering the ignition current operative, for then de-energizing said motor, and for then utilizing a single source of energy for substantially simultaneously connecting the energized starter with the rotatable member of the engine and operating the starting ignition.

WILLIAM WAIT, JR. CHANCE M. VOUGHT. 

